Tuesdays and Thursdays, 9:40–10:55 a.m.
The class will be taught fully online but on time (remote, synchronous). All class meetings will be online via Zoom, at the link on the class Blackboard site.
Thursday, March 13, 4 p.m.
There will be no final exam in this course, but the time of the final exam will be serve as a final deadline for all work in this course.
This course explores the changing functions and meanings of music in Christian worship practices, from the first-century house churches to contemporary megachurches. We will see how Christians developed music and ritual to embody their beliefs and structure their communities. We will listen closely to music ranging from Gregorian chant and liturgical music of Palestrina, Bach, and Mozart to Protestant hymns and psalms and contemporary evangelical worship music. The course will equip students to understand how people have used music to create relationships with God and with each other.
Rather than presenting worship as a single, unchanging tradition or elevating one type of liturgy above all others, this course focuses on different Christian communities’ creative responses to times of crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The course will emphasize Christianity’s global dimensions, with special emphasis on the problems of intercultural missions and colonization and the contributions of women and people of color.
The instructor is both a musicologist specializing in Christian worship and a practicing worship leader (at New Hope Free Methodist Church in Rochester). No musical training or knowledge is required, nor is religious background or belief.
The content and assignments in this course are not meant to promote any particular form of religious belief or practice. The course maintains a neutral position on the truth claims of any religious tradition. The goal is to understand other people’s beliefs and practices of worship.
It also is not meant to promote any particular tradition of Christian worship. It does not trace the “rise and fall” of any ideal liturgy.
This course is not a comprehensive survey of “sacred music,” nor of Christianity.
It is not a technically oriented music course, though students with technical knowledge of music theory or history should apply it.
The teaching of music in this university, like most others, has traditionally emphasized almost exclusively the work of European and white North American men, cultivated by the upper classes of the most powerful societies at the height of colonialism. It has also traditionally ignored or silenced any discussion of that fact. Doing so has resulted in a false, whitewashed history and the promotion of the value system and ideology of white supremacy. Moreover, this institution and others like it have historically discriminated against women and non-white people, and continues to do so in both overt and hidden or even unconscious ways. We have a moral obligation to work against racist structures, policies, and attitudes in our academic disciplines as researchers, in our classrooms as teachers, and in our university as faculty members.
In my research and teaching I am committed to the work of presenting an accurate history of music as a human activity, that gives due respect and attention to the music-making of people across social stations and in everyday life. We cannot understand, for example, the “art music” of the elite without understanding its intimate relationship with more popular and traditional forms of music-making. We must actively work to give more attention to the music of women, ethnic minorities, historically disadvantaged peoples, people of lower economic status, and people outside Europe and North America—including not just as composers but as performers, patrons, and listeners. Educators like me must work harder to make sure that we give the musical creativity of Black people, Indigenous people, and people of color the central position in our histories and theories of music that it deserves.
My own training was, unfortunately, narrowly Eurocentric, and I have been working over many years to try to expand my horizons and appreciation of a broader world of music, and to sharpen my critical understanding of the power dynamics that created the white-dominated worldview in which I was raised. But I recognize I have a long way to go, and I ask for your help in identifying ways that I and my colleagues can improve our anti-racist efforts.
Revised 2021/04/26
| Assignment | Percentage of Final Grade |
|---|---|
| Learning journal (due every 2 weeks) | 25% (about 3% each) |
| Comparative ethnography paper | 35% (10% each report, 15% final paper) |
| Midterm exam | 20% |
| Group “worship song” project | 20% |
Due every two weeks. Reflect on your learning: what you found interesting, exciting, or upsetting; what was new or challenging to preconceived notions; what challenges or obstacles you are encountering in the learning process.
Briefly summarize the main themes of the readings and class sessions and try to make some connections between them or raise questions about them.
Graded “satisfactory” if the writing demonstrates significant engagement with the course materials and learning goals, “unsatisfactory” if it does not, zero if not turned in.
Visit or observe (in person or online as need be) two different worship events in distinct Christian communities. A “worship event” would be one of the community’s primary gatherings, such as a Sunday liturgy or worship service, though in the age of COVID many things are possible. For each of the two events, describe what you observe in detail, analyze the event in relation to what you are learning about the history of music in Christian worship, and try to situate that event in the context of the tradition that community represents. Compare the two events, looking for both commonalities and differences.
Turn in, first, one ethnographic report for each event. Then after receiving feedback on these, write a coherent essay synthesizing your findings and critical reflections. The final essay should engage with the broader themes of the course. Connect these two services with the relevant traditions of worship and show their place in history. Discuss how the communities you observe are adapting to crisis and change through their use of music in worship.
There will be one midterm exam in the format of open-notes essays. The exam will assess your knowledge of the core concepts discussed in class and your ability to think critically about how they connect to each other and their relevance to contemporary issues.
In a small group, trace the history of a given worship song backwards and forwards in time as far as you can go, including different translations, adaptations, and music based on it. Identify primary sources of the text and tune, and situate the song in the context of one or more traditions of Christian worship.
Share your findings with the class in a presentation including musical examples and a visual element like presentation slides. The presentation should include a bibliography of primary and secondary sources. Every group member must make a documentable contribution.
| Percent | Letter |
|---|---|
| 93–100 | A |
| 90–92 | A- |
| 87–89 | B+ |
| 83–86 | B |
| 80–82 | B- |
| 77–79 | C+ |
| 73–46 | C |
| 70–72 | C- |
| 67–69 | D+ |
| 63–66 | D |
| 60–62 | D- |
| 0–59 | E |